Their differentiation enables production of differentiated cells that build tissues and organs ( Kolios and Moodley, 2013). Embryonic and adult stem cells are both possible sources of stem cells. Stem cells have the potential to self-renew and can differentiate into a variety of differentiated mature cell types ( Weissman, 2000). We briefly present therapeutic approaches and COVID-19-related diseases using MSCs and iPSCs. In this review, we discussed the overview of mesenchymal stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. MSCs have undergone more clinical trials than iPSCs due to high tumorigenicity, which can trigger oncogenic transformation. MSCs have also been used to treat individuals infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. iPSCs can self-renew and develop into a plethora of specialized cells making it a useful resource for regenerative medicine as they may be created from any human source. Advancement in iPS technology avoids the destruction of embryos to make pluripotent cells, making it free of ethical concerns. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be generated from adult cells through gene reprogramming with ectopic expression of specific pluripotency factors. Furthermore, MSCs are low in tumorigenicity and immune privileged, which permits the use of allogeneic MSCs for therapies that eliminate the need to collect MSCs directly from patients. MSCs are capable of self-renewal and multilineage differentiation capacity, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory properties allowing it to play a role in regenerative medicine. Over the past 2 decades, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted a lot of interest as a unique therapeutic approach for a variety of diseases. 4Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering (CIME), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.3Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.2Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Malaysia.1Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (CTERM), Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.Kalaiselvaan Thanaskody 1 Amirah Syamimi Jusop 1 Gee Jun Tye 2 Wan Safwani Wan Kamarul Zaman 3,4 Sylvia Annabel Dass 2 Fazlina Nordin 1*
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